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Appendix DIV: Descriptive Information for Smuggler Sample


Variables N = 415 N = 297 N = 174 N = 34

Gender
Male
Female

383 (92%)
32 (8%)

297 (100%)
0 (0%)

174 (100%)
0 (0%)

34 (100%)
0 (0%)

Race
White
Black
American Indian/Alaskan Native
Asian Pacific
Other and Missing

296 (71%)
95 (23%)
1 (0%)
3 (1%)
20 (5%)

224 (75%)
55 (19%)
1 (0%)
3 (1%)
14 (5%)

144 (83%)
21 (12%)
0 (0%)
1 (1%)
8 (5%)

31 (91%)
2 (6%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
1 (3%)

Hispanic Origin
Non-Hispanic
Hispanic

186 (45%)
229 (55%)

109 (37%)
188 (63%)

52 (30%)
122 (70%)

5 (15%)
29 (85%)

Citizenship
U.S. Citizen
Legal Alien/resident
Illegal Alien
Unknown Status/Missing

194 (47%)
115 (28%)
52 (13%)
54 (14%)

112 (38%)
96 (32%)
40 (14%)
49 (16%)

76 (44%)
48 (28%)
21 (13%)
29 (15%)

16 (47%)
10 (29%)
5 (15%)
3 (9%)

Accept Responsibility
Three Level Reduction
Two Level Reduction
No Reduction

158 (38%)
97 (23%)
160 (39%)

106 (36%)
74 (25%)
117 (39%)

60 (35%)
48 (28%)
66 (38%)

14 (41%)
8 (24%)
12 (35%)

Offense Level
<32
32–34
35–37
38–40
41–43
44–46
47–49
>50

49 (12%)
47 (11%)
66 (16%)
127 (31%)
104 (25%)
17 (4%)
4 (1%)
1 (0%)

0 (0%)
37 (12%)
52 (18%)
101 (34%)
91 (31%)
12 (4%)
3 (1%)
1 (1%)

0 (0%)
7 (4%)
24 (14%)
66 (38%)
61 (35%)
12 (7%)
3 (2%)
1 (1%)

0 (0%)
1 (3%)
4 (12%)
10 (29%)
17 (50%)
1 (3%)
1 (3%)
0 (0%)

Role Offense
Manager, Organizer, Supervisor, or Leader
Manager or Supervisor >5 participants
Leader or Organizer >5 participants

155 (37%)
123 (30%) 137 (33%)

82 (28%)
83 (28%)
132 (44%)

34 (20%)
42 (24%)
98 (56%)

5 (15%)
10 (29%)
19 (56%)

Departure Status
None
Upward
Downward
Substantial Assistance
Missing

250 (60%)
1 (0%)
19 (5%)
129 (31%)
16 (4%)

184 (62%)
0 (0%)
10 (3%)
92 (31%)
11 (4%)

114 (66%)
0 (0%)
7 (4%)
48 (28%)
5 (3%)

30 (88%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
4 (12%)
0 (0%)

Criminal History Points
0
1 through 3
4 through 6
7 through 10
> 10

253 (61%)
86 (21%)
54 (13%)
16 (4%)
6 (1%)

165 (56%)
68 (23%)
44 (15%)
14 (5%)
6 (2%)

98 (56%)
46 (26%)
21 (12%)
4 (2%)
5 (3%)

19 (56%)
6 (18%)
7 (21%)
0 (0%)
2 (2%)

Year Sentenced
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

78 (19%)
78 (19%)
58 (14%)
44 (11%)
53 (13%)
49 (12%)
55 (13%)

60 (20%)
57 (19%)
46 (15%)
33 (11%)
35 (12%)
31 (10%)
35 (12%)

35 (20%)
34 (20%)
26 (15%)
20 (12%)
17 (10%)
20 (12%)
22 (13%)

10 (29%)
3 (9%)
4 (12%)
4 (12%)
5 (15%)
4 (12%)
4 (12%)

Months Sentenced to Prison
Less than 60 months
61–120 months
121–180 months
181–240 months
241–300 months
301–360 months
> 360 months

47 (11%)
81 (20%)
72 (17%)
68 (16%)
43 (10%)
50 (12%)
54 (13%)

19 (6%)
41 (14%)
55 (19%)
56 (19%)
35 (12%)
44 (15%)
47 (16%)

7 (4%)
21 (12%)
27 (16%)
34 (20%)
22 (13%)
29 (17%)
34 (22%)

1 (3%)
2 (6%)
3 (9%)
9 (26%)
2 (6%)
5 (15%)
12 (35%)





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Last Updated: March 4, 2002