Pulse Check: National Trends in Drug Abuse
Winter 1995

Table 1
Ethnographers - Heroin

     
City      Incidence   Who is Using    D in      Method      Other     Emerging       Who's
                                        Users                 Drugs       Drugs       Selling
Austin, TX    high      males,        more       injecting              methamphe  Hispanics
(Maxwell)               average age   young,     , some                 tamine     sell black
                        37; 50%       white"yup  snorting               Rohypnol   tar;
                        Hispanic,     pies" now                         ephedrine  Nigerians,
                        35% White,    seeking                                      Pakistani,
                        15% African   treatment                                    Colombian
                        American                                                   sellers for
                                                                                   other types.
San           high      widespread    more new,  snorting,  methamphet  MDMA       
Francisco,              increase in   young      smoking    amine       psilocybi
CA                      use,          users,     (on                    n
(Murphy)                especially    especiall  foil),                 LSD
                        among the     y among    injecting
                        young         runaway
                                      youth
Atlanta,      high                    none       injecting  cocaine     Ketamine   Mixed
GA                                               ,                      methamphe  ethnicities,
(Sterk-                                          snorting               tamine     males; some
Elifson)                                                                "club      sales with
                                                                        drugs"     cocaine in
                                                                                   parts of
                                                                                   city.
El Paso,      high      traditional,  some new   injecting  cocaine                Mexican and
TX                      older  users  young                                        local
(Ramos)                               users                                        sellers;
                                                                                   Mexican
                                                                                   Mafia
                                                                                   sources.
New York,     high      traditional   none       snorting,  cocaine in             More female
NY                      older users              injecting  speedball              users are
(Galea)                 as well as                                                 selling;
                        younger                                                    separate
                        snorters;                                                  market from
                        male                                                       other drugs.
                        dominated in
                        both cases
Chicago,      high      traditional   increased  injecting  crack       PCP        Mexican
IL                      users plus    snorting,  ,                      Ritalin    brown heroin
(Weibel)                snorters in   particula  snorting                          on North
                        late teens,   rly when                                     West side
                        early 20s     combined                                     sold by
                                      with                                         Latinos;
                                      crack                                        China White
                                                                                   distributed
                                                                                   by
                                                                                   Nigerians.
Denver, CO    high      older,        increased  injecting  cocaine in             Central and
(Hoffer)                traditional   White      , very     speedball              South
                        urban users   suburban   little                            Americans
                        as well as    users      snorting                          control
                        White                                                      street
                        suburban                                                   sales.
                        users
Los         slightly    males, 35     none       injecting  cocaine in  inhalants  African
Angeles,    up          yrs. or                  , very     speedball   methamphe  American and
CA                      older, White             little                 tamine     Hispanic
(Annon)                 and Hispanic             snorting                          dealers; no
                                                                                   combined
                                                                                   sales with
                                                                                   cocaine.
Bridgeport    high      25-40 yrs.    increased  injecting  crack       PCP        gang
, CN                    old, all      snorting   ,                      mescaline  involvement
(Geter)                 ethnicities,  among 17-  snorting                          in most
                        some new      22 yr.                                       sales,
                        young and     old                                          African
                        suburban                                                   Americans
                        users                                                      and
                                                                                   Hispanics;
                                                                                   many
                                                                                   suburban
                                                                                   buyers in
                                                                                   urban
                                                                                   dealing
                                                                                   areas
Miami, FL   slightly    older         increased  injection  cocaine     Rohypnol   
(Page)      up          users,        White      , very                 MDMA
                        minorities,   users,     little
                        some White    more who   snorting
                        users         exclusive
                                      ly use
                                      heroin
Trenton/      high      traditional   more       snorting,  alcohol     MDMA       
Newark, NJ              older         White      injecting
(French)                minority      users of
                        users; some   all ages
                        Whites
Baltimore,    high      traditional   more       injecting  cocaine     PCP        young
MD                      older inner-  young      snorting   Xanax                  sellers
(Murdoch)               city users;   White                 Clonidine              working in
                        some younger  urban                                        crews, not
                        users,        users                                        established
                        including                                                  dealers.
                        White youths                                               Some out of
                                                                                   town dealers
                                                                                   entering
                                                                                   market
Dover/Newa    high      upper-middle- more very  snorting,  cocaine,    LSD, MDMA  Dealers from
rk, DE                  class teens   young      injecting  tranquiliz  2C-B,      outside the
(Pazzaglin                            users (13-            ers         Rohypnol   area contact
i)                                    14 yr.                                       teens at
                                      old)                                         raves or in
                                                                                   clubs.
St.           low       too few       none                              Rohypnol   
Petersburg              cases to
, FL                    judge
(Mieczkows
ki)
New York,     high      variety of    more       injecting  cocaine     "club      sees
NY                      users         younger    ,                      drugs"     expansion in
(Goldsmith                            users      snorting                          sales areas
)                                                                                  into many
                                                                                   off-street
                                                                                   locations,
                                                                                   some sales
                                                                                   of both
                                                                                   heroin and
                                                                                   cocaine


Table 1 (cont'd.)
Ethnographers - Heroin
City Purchase Purity Other/Comments Amount Austin, TX Black tar: high Black tar is most plentiful but more (Maxwell) $150K/kilo expensive. Colombian or South East Asian Columbian: heroin is rare but cheaper. Emerging drugs $85- include Rohypnol and over the counter 100K/kilo ephedrine. San $60/gram high Heroin is inexpensive and high quality. Francisco, Black tar Greatest increase is among new young users, CA and powder some of whom combine it with methamphetamine. (Murphy) both available Atlanta, GA $50/ 1/8oz. 60-90% There has been the appearance of bag marking; (Sterk- also see snorters "speedballing" lines of Elifson) cocaine and heroin and some shift from crack to heroin. El Paso, TX variable, but gen The practice of "shabanging" or squirting (Ramos) erally high liquefied heroin into the nose continues among young users. New York, NY $5-10/bag high (over 60%) There is increased availability of $5 bag; (Galea) more shooting galleries opening lately. Chicago, IL variable China White has become more prevalent in many (Weibel) areas. Heroin is now being marketed for snorting with adulterants that can not be injected. There is also a market increase in young inner city adults snorting. Denver, CO $20/"pill" high Prices have dropped and the overall number of (Hoffer) or balloon users increased. Almost all are injecting. $80-100/gram Los Angeles, $80/gram high (70-80%) CA « gram amt. (Annon) sold in balloons Bridgeport, $10/bag high "P-dope" (high purity heroin) is sold in pre- CN packaged units which dominate the market. (Geter) "Scramble" (heroin cut with quinine) is sold only in one area and is seen as less desirable. Miami, FL $10, 15% There is a general increase; expansion into (Page) $20/capsule more varied sociodemographic groups. Trenton/Newa $10, $15/bag 65-70% There is still an increasing number of addicts rk, NJ entering treatment who only inhale the drug. (French) Baltimore, $6- varies from 10% c With the drop in price and increase in purity, MD 10/capsule aps to daily habit costs have declined over 40%. (Murdock) 50mg units 70-90% bags Market stabilization is occurring with some also sold in distributors from out of the area (New York) bags for $50 making in-roads. Dover/Newark $5/bag for high Young adults and teens in area are , DE poor quality increasingly attracted to heroin. It is (Pazzaglini) $20-30/bag available in clubs and at raves. Drug for better treatment programs in area are seeing more quality young addicts. St. Heroin use in the area is "almost zero." Petersburg, FL (Mieczkowski ) New York, NY $10/bag high Sales of heroin are widespread, some out of (Goldsmith) superettes/bodegas.

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