Pulse Check: National Trends in Drug Abuse
Spring 1996

Table 1
Ethnographers' Report on Heroin:
April 1996


    
   
  City    Incidence     Who's Using   Change in   Method      Other     Emerging  Who's Selling
                                        Users                 Drugs      Drugs
Bridgepo  up          wide range,     more       inhaling   cocaine               young non-
rt, CN                including       young      injecting  crack                 users; gangs
(Geter)               teenagers       users
San       stable      older users     none       injecting  cocaine    Quaaludes  organized
Antonio/                                         ;                                crime:
El Paso,                                         squirting                        Mexican Mafia
TX                                               into the                         and Texas
(Ramos)                                          nose                             Side
                                                                                  Syndicate
Los       stable      traditional     more       smoking                          African
Angeles,              older users     smoking                                     American and
CA                                                                                Hispanic
(Annon)                                                                           sellers
San       up          traditional     more       injecting  methamphe  methamphe  
Francisc              older users as  young      ,          t-amine    t-amine
o, CA                 well as some    users      inhaling   
(Murphy)              new, young
                      users
Washingt  stable      wide range      more       new users  cocaine    inhalants  young dealers
on, DC                from            women,     inhale;    crack      LSD        who also use;
(Shu)                 adolescents to  more       older      alcohol    Clonidine  all
                      those in 50s;   young      users                 benzodiaz- ethnicities
                      all             users      inject                epines
                      ethnicities
New       stable      all             new,       injecting  cocaine    "club      Young "crews"
York, NY              ethnicities     young      smoking               drugs"     are now
(Goldsmi              and both        users      inhaling                         dealing both
th)                   genders                                                     heroin and
                                                                                  cocaine.
Atlanta,  up          older users as  young      injecting  crack      methamphe  white males
GA                    well as young   crack      inhaling              t-amine,   and African
(Sterk-               crack users     users                            MDMA       American
Elifon)               shifting to     shifting                                    males in 20s
                      heroin          to heroin
Denver,   up          older users     none       injecting  methadone  methamphe  Mexican
CO                    (35-50); all                          cocaine    t-amine    nationals and
(Koester              ethnicities;                          alcohol               Hondurans
)                     low dose
                      methadone
                      clients
Miami,    up          older users     more       injecting  cocaine    Rohypnol   
FL                                    deaths                in         Ketamine
(Page)                                related               speedball
                                      to use
St.       very low                    none                                        
Petersbu
rg,
FL(Miecz
k-owski)
Trenton/  stable      older users as  more       inhaling   alcohol    MDMA       African
Newark,               well as new     young      injecting  cocaine               American
NJ                    users in their  users,                                      users/sellers
(French)              20s             more                                        in their 20s
                                      working
                                      class
                                      users
New       stable      some young      none       injecting  cocaine               Colombians
York, NY              users; many                inhaling                         now selling
(Galea)               traditional                                                 heroin also;
                      older users                                                 more home
                                                                                  sales
Austin,   up          older users,    none       injecting  cocaine    psilocybi  Hispanics
TX                    white and                                        n          sell Mexican
(Maxwell              Hispanic                                         Rohypnol   heroin; West
)                                                                      PCP        Africans sell
                                                                       GHB        Southeast
                                                                                  Asian heroin.
Newark,   up          young users,    more       inhaling   club       Ketamine   Source
DE                    mixed           fIales    injecting  drugs      Rohypnol   dealers are
(Pazzagl              ethnicities                           LSD        "smart     adult
ini)                                                        cocaine    drugs"1    organized
                                                                                  crime
                                                                                  mIbers; kids
                                                                                  deal on the
                                                                                  street.
Baltimor  up          people in 30s   more       inhaling   cocaine    PCP        Connections
e, MD                 or 40s;  some   young      injecting  methadone  Xanax      for sales are
(Murdoch              young, second   users who                        Clonidine  from New
)                     generation      primarily                                   York; fewer
                      users           inhale                                      levels of
                                                                                  distribution
                                                                                  than in other
                                                                                  cities
San       stable      males 25-50     more       injecting  cocaine    MDMA       Hispanic
Diego,                years old, all  younger    inhaling   methamphe  MDA        males
CA                    ethnicities     users                 t-amine    Ketamine
(Pennell
)
Chicago,  up in       traditional     more       injecting  cocaine               gangs
IL        some        older users;    young      inhaling
(Johnson  parts of    substantial     users,
)         city;       number of       especiall
          stable in   young (under    y fIales
          others      26 ) users


Table 1 (cont'd.)
Ethnographers' Report on Heroin: April 1996
City Purchase Purity Other/Comments Amount Bridgeport, $10/bag high (60%) Drug trafficking area of the city looks like CN Beirut from the deterioration and abandonment. (Geter) More "one on one" sales. San variable Antonio/El Paso, TX (Ramos) Los Angeles, $10/bag Anecdotal information points to increased CA availability of purer white heroin in addition (Annon) to the regular Mexican heroin. San $25-$40/bag high (over 50%) High incidence of use of methamphetamine, Francisco, (1/4 oz.) particularly in middle class population. Also CA see heroin users speedballing with (Murphy) methamphetamine. Washington, $5-10/bag or high $5 pills or bags available called "pee wee DC capsule caps"; $6-10 bags or capsules called "jumbo (Shu) caps"; increased appearance of suburban buyers. New York, NY $5, $10/bag high, though Some Colombian sellers are forcing cocaine (Goldsmith) harmful dealers to take heroin to distribute. This is adulterants found done on credit, forcing the dealer to unload increasingly the heroin. Many are not experienced in heroin "cutting" and use poor adulterants. Atlanta, GA $150- 40-75% Increases among methadone clients now (Sterk- $250/gram returning to heroin use ("old timers") and Elifon) crack users who are switching to heroin. Denver, CO $20/"pill" variable Mexican brown and black tar heroin sold in a (Koester) "pill" the size of an aspirin. It is cooked up and injected. Many combine heroin and methadone (while on low doses of methadone in treatment). Miami, FL $10/bag poor (15%) but Increasing potency has created increased (Page) increasing interest among injectors. Heroin related deaths now equal cocaine related deaths; more people shooting heroin exclusively. St. Some anecdotal evidence of a few users, but no Petersburg, apparent growth in size of user population. FL (Mieczkowski ) Trenton/Newa $15/bag high (60%) There are more working class white users rk, NJ coming into the city to buy. (French) New York, NY $5, $10/bag variable but Starting to see Colombians using cocaine (Galea) generally high market to sell heroin; Dominican who sold only Colombian cocaine before now selling heroin; many new sellers using poor cuts. Austin, TX poor (15-18%) Users are still the older cohort from the (Maxwell) 1970s and early 80s. Newark, DE $10-$30/bag variable Increase in heroin use linked to increase in (Pazzaglini) prostitution in the area. Baltimore, $5, $6, high purity (70%) It's hard to imagine prices falling any lower. MD $10/caps sold for There is no size or purity difference between (Murdoch) inhaling; less a $6 and a $10 capsule_just the time of day pure (10%) sold the sale is made. for injecting San Diego, $15-$20 for 40-60% More kids, especially Hispanics, are snorting CA 2/10 gram because they feel it is not as addictive and (Pennell) $140- doesn't carry the stigma of the needle. $200/gram Chicago IL $5, $10, $20 variable Gangs sell all the drugs. There has been (Johnson) units increased violence on the streets, indicating new competition among sellers. More overdoses have occurred. _______________________________ 1 This group includes legally produced herbal compounds and illegally produced club drugs like Ketamine.

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